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Reaction times:
Visual: .15 sec
Auditory: .12 sec
Tactile: .10 sec
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. How do you know where your hand is?
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Force-reflecting teleoperation (GE in the '60s):
...tapes...
...motors...
Exoskeletons:
...hydraulics...
...HYDRAULICS...
Virtual haptics in the '90s:
Massie's Phantom Ruspini's Cat
Some recent products: